KURIKI

About

1. Japan labor and social security system
2. Workers’ Accident Compensation Insurance
3. Employment insurance

1. 日本の社会保険の概要

 

日本の社会保険は4つ

日本の社会保険とは、労災保険・雇用保険・健康保険・厚生年金の4つを指します。
どの社会保険も、日本で子会社、支店、駐在員事務所を設立し、一定の要件を満たせば社会保険に加入します。日本で働く外国人であれば国籍を問わず、加入条件に合う人は必ず加入しなければなりません。

1. Information on public social and labor insurance in Japan

Japan has four public social and labor insurance.

Japan has four public social and labor insurance; Workers’ Accident Compensation Insurance, Employment insurance, Health insurance and Pension insurance. All companies including representative office, subsidiary and branch is obligated to enroll in social and labor insurance if they meet conditions. Moreover, foreign workers in Japan are necessary to enroll in social and labor insurance in Japan if they meet conditions regardless of their nationalities.

2. 労災保険

2-1. 労災保険とは

労災保険とは、従業員が仕事中または通勤中に病気やケガをしたときに補償してくれる保険です。労災保険は、日本で子会社、支店、駐在員事務所を設立し、従業員を採用すれば、会社の形態に関わらず加入しなければなりません。

2. Workers’ Accident Compensation Insurance

2-1. About Workers’ Accident Compensation Insurance

Workers’ Accident Compensation Insurance is the one when employees get injured or ill doe to work or commuting. All companies including representative office, subsidiary and branch is obligated to enroll in Workers’ Accident Compensation Insurance if they hire one or more employees regardless of their types of companies.

2-2. 労災保険に加入する人

日本で働く従業員は、全員加入します。ただし、法人その他の団体の代表者や役員は、労災保険に入ることはできません。それでも仕事中にケガをすることがあり、どうしても労災保険に加入したいという声はあります。その場合は、労災保険の特別加入制度を使って労災保険に入る方法もあります。

2-2. Employees who enroll in Workers’ Accident Compensation Insurance

All employees who work in Japan is obligated to enroll in Workers’ Accident Compensation Insurance ,except for general manager. If you are general manager, you can enroll in Workers’ Accident Compensation under certain conditions.

2-3. 労災保険の給付

労災保険からは次の給付が受けられます。

• 療養補償給付
• 休業補償給付
• 傷病補償給付
• 障害補償給付
• 遺族補償給付
• 葬祭料

2-3. Benefits of Workers’ Accident Compensation Insurance

• Free Medical treatment : When you get injured or ill due to work
• Temporary absence from work :When you are absent from work for over 4 days
• Injury and disease : When you do not recover after 18 months
• Physical disability : When you get physical disability
• Survivor’s benefits and Funeral expenses : When you become deceased

2-4. 労災保険の保険料

労災保険の保険料は全て会社負担です。保険料は事業の種類によって定められています。例えば、主な業務が日本での市場調査の場合、2019年4月から2020年3月までの保険料率は、3/1000です。

2-4. Workers’ Accident Compensation Insurance fee

All companies with one or more employees are required to pay Workers’ Accident Compensation Insurance fee at their own cost. Workers’ Accident Compensation Insurance rate is depend on their types of business. For example, if the type of business is market research in Japan, the insurance rate is 3/1000 in fiscal year 2019.

2-5.  労災保険料の納め方

毎年6月、労災保険料を計算し、7月10日までに納めます。

2-5. How to pay Workers’ Accident Compensation Insurance fee

All companies must calculate Workers’ Accident Compensation Insurance fee and pay by July 10^th.

2-6. 労災保険の加入手続き

初めて従業員を採用してから10日以内に労働基準監督署に労災保険料加入の届出書類を提出します。

 2-6. Filings for enroll in Workers’ Accident Compensation Insurance

Companies have to submit necessary documents to the Labor Standards Inspection Office within 10 days after they hire one employee for the first time.

 

3. 雇用保険

3-1. 雇用保険とは

雇用保険とは、従業員が失業したとき、出産に伴い育児をするとき、介護をするときに、働きたくても継続が困難なときに給付される保険です。雇用保険は、雇用保険に加入する従業員を1人でも採用すれば加入しなければなりませんが、農林水産・畜産・養蚕の事業を行う常時5人未満の従業員を雇う会社は雇用保険の加入は任意です。

3. Employment insurance

3-1. About Employment insurance

Employment insurance is the one when employees quit or lost their jobs, when employees want to continue their jobs even when employees take maternity leave or they take leave for taking care of their parents. All companies including representative office, subsidiary and branch is obligated to enroll in Employment insurance Insurance. However, small businesses in the agriculture, forestry, fisheries or livestock industries with fewer than five workers, enrollment is their optional.

3-2. 雇用保険に加入する人

1週間20時間以上かつ31日以上雇用される従業員は加入します。
ただし、留学生で、日中学校に通っている学生の場合は20時間以上働いていても雇用保険に加入できません。また、ワーキングホリデーが目的で日本に来日して働く外国人も雇用保険に加入することはできません。

3-2. Employees who enroll in employment insurance

Employees who work more than 20 hours per week and terms of employment would continue more than 31 days.
In case of students from abroad and employees who work on working visa cannot enroll in employment insurance.

3-3. 雇用保険の給付

雇用保険からは次の給付が受けられます。

• 失業給付
• 就職促進給付
• 教育訓練給付
• 雇用継続給付
• 雇用に関わる各種助成金

3-3. Benefits of employment insurance

• Unemployment benefits
• Benefit for finding new jobs (provided when unemployment found new jobs)
• Employment continuation benefits (provided during child care and family care leave)
• Educational benefits (provided after employees or unemployment take educational course)
• Subsidies and grants for employment

3-4. 雇用保険の保険料

事業の種類毎に保険料率が毎年定められており、会社と従業員が負担します。
2019年度の雇用保険料率

事業種類	合計	事業主負担	労働者負担
一般の事業	9/1000	6/1000	3/1000
農林水産・清酒製造	11/1000	7/1000	4/1000
建設業	12/1000	8/1000	4/1000

3-4. Employment insurance premium

Insurance premiums have to be paid  by both employer and employee, and their  shares are defined respectively in accordance with the employee’s salary/wages.
Fiscal year 2019

Types of business	total	employer	employee
All other industries	9/1000	6/1000	3/1000
Agriculture, forestry and fishery, and brewing	11/1000	7/1000	4/1000
Construction	12/1000	8/1000	4/1000

3-5. 雇用保険料の納め方

毎年6月、雇用保険料を計算し、7月10日までに納めます。

3-5. How to pay employment insurance premium

All companies must calculate employment insurance premium and pay by July 10^th.

3-6. 雇用保険の加入手続き

従業員を採用してから10日以内に、ハローワークに雇用保険加入の届出書類を提出します。

3-6. Filings for enroll in employment insurance

Companies have to submit necessary documents to the public employment security office by 10^th of next month after they hire one employee.

参考

東京都TOKYOはたらこねっと『外国人労働者ハンドブック』,東京都
https://www.hataraku.metro.tokyo.jp/sodan/siryo/foreign-e/index.html（最終閲覧日2020年1月24日）
日本年金機構『Enrollment in Social Insurance System（社会保険制度加入のご案内）』.日本年金機構
https://www.nenkin.go.jp/pamphlet/shakaihoken.html（最終閲覧日2020年1月24日）